Massimo Pigliucci acknowledges, “The origin of life is one question that science [1] will be pondering for some time to come . . . be wary of oversimplified answers found in introductory biology textbooks.”38 God is eliminated not by evidence and proof but by definition. What does that leave? Scrambling desperately to get along without a Creator, scientists offer all manner of speculation (which is all they have), as does Pigliucci himself. Consider the following (uncertainties/guesses are italicized):

“The general path leading to the organization of life seems to have been something like this: 1. Primordial soup. . . ; 2. Nucleo-proteins (similar to modern tRNAs); 3. Hypercycles [which] could have coexisted before the origin of life. . . ; 4. Cellular hypercycles . . . eventually enclosed in a primitive cell made of lipids. . . ; 5. Progenote (first self-replicating, metabolizing cell, possibly made of RNA and proteins, with DNA entering the picture later on.”